Newcastle bimari, jisay Pakistan mein Ranikhet kehte hain, tezi se phelne wala virus hai jo chand dinon mein broiler flock ka bara hissa maar sakta hai. Agar saans ki takleef, sabz beet ya muri hui gardan ke sath achanak maut nazar aaye to isay emergency samjhein: doctor ko phone karein, murghiyan lab bhejein, farm ka gate band karein, aur jab tak pata na chale bimar ya murda murghi na bechein na phenkein.
Ranikhet kya hai
Yeh bimari ek virus se hoti hai. Iski kai qismen hain: halki qism sirf khansi karti hai, khatarnak qism saans, pait aur nervous system par ek sath hamla karti hai. WOAH (janwaron ki sehat ka aalmi idara) iski khatarnak qism ko un bimariyon mein rakhta hai jinki report lazmi hai, kyunke yeh poore flock khatam kar sakti hai.
Pakistan mein yeh broiler ki sab se aam aur mehngi bimariyon mein se hai, aur aksar thande mahinon mein zyada aati hai jab virus murghi ke bahar zyada der zinda rehta hai. Subah theek lagne wala flock shaam tak murghi khone lagta hai.
Kin nishaniyon par nazar rakhein
Nishaniyan aam tor par virus farm par pohanchne ke 2 se 12 din baad aati hain. Har murghi mein har nishani nahi hoti.
- Achanak maut jo roz barhti hai, shuru mein kabhi koi aur nishani nahi hoti.
- Saans: hanpna, khansi, cheenk, raat ko khamosh shed mein saans ki kharkharahat.
- Beet: sabz, patli, kabhi safedi ke sath.
- Nervous nishaniyan: gardan murna, sar peeche khinchna, chakkar kaatna, kaanpna, ek tang ya par ka faalij. Yeh aksar pehli maut ke kuch din baad aati hain.
- Aam: murghiyan sust baithi, par phoole hue, daana pani kam.
Doctor murda murghi kholay to aanton aur pait mein khoon ke dhabbe Ranikhet ki taraf ishara kar sakte hain, magar pakka sirf lab test batata hai.
Yeh farm se farm kaise phelti hai
Virus bimar murghi ki beet aur saans se nikalta hai aur jo cheez unhein chhooye us par lag jata hai:
- Log: workers, mehmanon, vaccinator, pakarne walon aur khareedaron ke joote, kapre aur haath jo ek farm se doosre jaate hain.
- Gaariyan aur crate: beopari ke truck, feed ki gaari, doosre farm ke crate aur tray.
- Saman: hamsaye se udhaar liye feeder, drinker ya boriyan.
- Parinde: shed ke aas paas jangli parinde aur kabootar, aur farm ke paas desi murghiyan.
- Murda murghi: nehar ya khet mein phenki gayi murghi jisay kutte, kawwe aur log aage le jate hain.
Virus litter aur mitti mein hafton zinda reh sakta hai, khaas kar thande mausam mein. Isi liye ilaqe mein ek farm par aane ke baad aksar doosre farmon par bhi aati hai.
Vaccine ki bunyadi baatein
Taqreeban har mulk mein vaccine hi asal bachao hai. Do qismen istemal hoti hain:
- Zinda (live) vaccine jo aankh ya naak ke qatray, peene ke pani ya spray se di jati hai. Yeh jaldi hifazat deti hai.
- Murda (killed) vaccine jo teeke se lagti hai. Yeh lambi hifazat deti hai aur aksar live vaccine ke sath lagayi jati hai.
Kaun si vaccine, kis din aur kis tareeqe se, yeh choozay ki maa se mili immunity, ilaqe mein bimari ke zor aur hatchery ne jo diya hai us par depend karta hai. Plan apne doctor ke sath banayen. Hamari broiler vaccination schedule guide batati hai ke kaun se sawal poochein aur vaccine thandi kaise rakhein.
Vaccine tab hi kaam karti hai jab sahi sambhali jaye:
- Dukaan se shed tak 2 se 8°C par rakhein. June mein garam gaari ya motorcycle ke thailay mein pari vaccine murghi tak pohanchne se pehle mar sakti hai.
- Pani wali vaccine mein chlorine wala pani na lein. Kaun sa stabilizer lena hai, yeh doctor batayega.
- Har murghi ko hissa mile: kaafi drinker, murghi thori pyasi, aur vaccine wala saara pani taqreeban 1 se 2 ghante mein pi liya jaye.
- Har vaccine ki tareekh, naam, batch number aur tareeqa likhein.
Shak hote hi kya karein
Pehle ghante sab se zaroori hain. Yeh kaam tarteeb se karein:
- Doctor ko phone karein aur nishaniyan aur rozana maut batayen. Punjab mein Livestock and Dairy Development mehkame ki helpline ya qareebi sarkari janwaron ke hospital se bhi rabta kar sakte hain.
- Test ke liye murghi bhejein. Taaza murda aur chand bimar murghiyan band thailay mein, doctor ke zariye ya zila diagnostic lab ya UVAS jaisi university lab mein.
- Gate band karein. Koi mehman nahi, beopari andar nahi, saman ka len den nahi. Workers isi farm par rahein aur doosre shed na jayen.
- Alag karein. Ek se zyada shed hon to alag workers rakhein ya bimar shed mein sab se aakhir mein apne jooton ke sath jayen.
- Murda murghi theek se thikane lagayen. Din mein kai baar ikathi karein, band bartan mein rakhein, aur farm par choone ke sath gehra dafnayen ya jalayen. Nehar mein kabhi na phenkein, na bechein.
- Apni marzi se dawaiyan shuru na karein. Antibiotic virus ko nahi maarti. Sirf wohi dein jo doctor sath wale infection ke liye bataye. Bimar flock ko koi vaccine dene se pehle doctor se poochein.
- Record rakhein. Rozana maut, daana aur pani, aur doctor ki hidayat.
Agar lab Ranikhet ki tasdeeq kare to doctor baqi flock ki dekh bhaal, bechne aur shed ki safai ka batayega. Flock ke baad achi tarah safai aur disinfection karein aur agle choozon se pehle shed khali chhorein.
Har flock mein kaam aane wala bachao
- Mazboot gate: ek rasta, taaza disinfectant wala foot dip, andar aane wale ke liye farm ke joote aur kapre.
- Desi murghi, kabootar ya doosre farm ke parindon se koi wasta nahi.
- Saaf crate aur gaariyan, aur beopari ka truck shed ke darwaze se door.
- All in all out: farm par ek umar ki murghi, flockon ke beech poori safai aur aaram ka waqt.
- Doctor ke sath bana vaccine plan, aur us par poora amal.
Gate ke usool, mehman aur murda murghi ke bare mein bird flu, H9 aur farm biosecurity parhein. Hafte war kitni maut aam hai aur kab fikar karein, yeh broiler ki maut kam karna mein dekhein.
Poultry Curve mein rozana maut aur har vaccine likhne se doctor ko minton mein poori tasveer mil jati hai, aap ko yaad nahi karna parta. Doctor ke aane se pehle jo dekha hai usay tarteeb dene mein Helper madad kar sakta hai, magar diagnosis hamesha doctor aur lab hi karte hain.